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Kuban bridgehead
The Kuban bridgehead ((ドイツ語:Kuban-Brückenkopf)), also known as ''Gotenkopf'' (Gothic head), was a German retreat position on the Taman Peninsula, which existed from January to October 1943. It had originally been held by the Germans after the retreat from the Caucasus in preparation for a renewed offensive on the oil fields of the Caucasus. As the German Army withdrew to the Panther-Wotan line, the troops located in the bridgehead were evacuated across the Strait of Kerch to the Crimea. The German 17th Army under the command of ''Generaloberst'' Richard Ruoff, later under the command of ''General der Pioniere'' Erwin Jaenecke, was tasked with the defense of the bridgehead.
The Kuban bridgehead was held despite repeated Soviet attacks during this period. This enabled the evacuation by sea, using the ''Marinefährprahm'', of 239,669 soldiers, 16,311 wounded, 27,456 civilians and 115,477 tons of military equipment (primarily ammunition), 21,230 vehicles, 74 tanks, 1,815 guns and 74,657 horses to the Crimean peninsula. The ''Luftwaffe'' further evacuated from the bridgehead 15,661 men from an airfield at Slavyansk-na-Kubani.
Around a month after the evacuation was completed, 17th Army was cut off and trapped in the Crimea.
==Legacy==
The Kuban Shield () was awarded to commemorate those who fought to defend the bridgeheads in the Kuban region. The 1977 war film ''Cross of Iron'' directed by Sam Peckinpah, featuring James Coburn, Maximilian Schell, James Mason and David Warner, is set on the Kuban bridgehead.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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